New hummingbird species discovered in Mexico City
When imagining the discovery of new species, the mind wanders to locations like the Amazon or Papua New Guinea — certainly not the likes of Mexico City.
But according to ornithologists, this is exactly what has happened, as five species of hummingbirds have been discovered in Mexico City’s Chapultepec Park.
The discovery of these new species comes thanks to a community monitoring project launched in 2023 by Mexico City’s Museum of Natural History.
“We are thrilled with the results, this is proof that habitat protection programs are working to protect local biodiversity,” said the museum’s program director, Azucena Olvera Arredondo.
The program has also been praised for its approach which makes use of both the expertise of professionals and citizen scientists.
Chapultepec Park, known as Bosque de Chapultepec in Spanish, is one of the largest urban parks in the Western Hemisphere. The park covers an area of approximately 1,695 acres (686 hectares). For comparison, Chapultepec Park is about twice the size of New York City’s Central Park (843 acres). It serves as a vital green space and cultural hub for Mexico City.
The official names for these new species of hummingbirds are yet to be announced, with some sources suggesting that this decision will be left to the public through a vote.
Other recent discoveries include the sighting in Chapultepec Park of species like the Roseate Spoonbill, a large pink bird native to much more lush ecosystems like Veracruz and the Yucatán Peninsula.
A Historical and Ecological Treasure
Chapultepec Park has a rich history that dates back to Prehispanic times. Once a retreat for Aztec rulers, the park has evolved over centuries into a multifaceted space that combines historical monuments, museums, and lush green areas. However, beyond its cultural significance, Chapultepec is a vital ecological reserve that supports a wide array of plant and animal species, many of which are native to the region.
A Refuge for Flora and Fauna
The park’s diverse habitats, including forests, grasslands, and water bodies, provide a haven for countless species. Chapultepec is home to over 100 species of trees, including Montezuma cypresses (Ahuehuetes), some of which are centuries old and considered national treasures. These trees not only offer shade and beauty but also serve as critical habitats for birds, insects, and small mammals.
The park’s lakes and ponds are equally important, supporting aquatic life and attracting migratory birds. Species such as herons, egrets, and ducks can be spotted throughout the year, while the park’s wooded areas provide shelter for resident birds like the Great-tailed Grackle and the Vermilion Flycatcher. Chapultepec also supports a variety of reptiles, amphibians, and mammals, including squirrels, opossums, and even the occasional coyote.
Green in an Urban Jungle
Mexico City, like many megacities, faces significant environmental challenges, including air pollution, habitat loss, and the urban heat island effect. Chapultepec Park plays a crucial role in mitigating these issues. Its vast green spaces act as a natural air filter, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, while its trees and vegetation help regulate the city’s temperature. The park also serves as a vital rainwater catchment area, reducing the risk of flooding in surrounding neighborhoods.
Moreover, Chapultepec is a key corridor for wildlife movement within the city. As urbanization continues to fragment natural habitats, green spaces like Chapultepec provide essential connectivity, allowing species to migrate, forage, and reproduce. This is particularly important for pollinators such as bees and butterflies, which are crucial for maintaining healthy ecosystems.
Senior Editor Carlos Rosado van der Gracht is a Mexican expedition/Canadian photographer, adventure leader, and PhD candidate. Born in Mérida, Carlos holds multimedia, philosophy, and translation degrees from universities in Mexico, Canada and Norway.
